The underlying technology behind AdSense was derived originally from WordNet, Simpli (a company started by the founder of Wordnet, George A. Miller) and a number of professors and graduate students from Brown University, including James A. Anderson, Jeff Stibel and Steve Reiss.[1] A variation of this technology utilizing Wordnet was developed by Oingo, a small search engine company based in Santa Monica founded in 1998.[2] [3] Oingo changed its name to Applied Semantics in 2001,[4] which was then bought by Google for $102 million in April 2003.